The subject aims to familiarize students of veterinary medicine with: 1) the structure of the body of mammals and birds at the level of light and electron microscopy; 2) the relationships between the microscopic structure of an organ and its function; 3) the course of embryonic development in mammals and birds. It is an introduction to the subjects covered in the further stages of veterinary studies, i.e. physiology, biochemistry, pathomorphology, pathophysiology, the teaching of which should lead to the student acquiring integrated knowledge of the structure and functions of a healthy animal body and one affected by disease processes. It is an introduction to the teaching of clinical subjects.
Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to: 1) describe the histological and ultrastructural structure of tissues and organs; 2) characterize processes that occur at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels, such as Ossification, keratinization, contraction; 3) determine the role that the individual cells that make up the organ play in its function; 4) describe the individual stages of development of avian and mammalian embryos; 5) identify, using a light microscope, all animal tissues and most organs that make up the body of mammals and birds; 6) name the structures that make up the individual organs (layers, tissues, cells) and indicate them on the microscopic image.
Definitions and classification of tissues. Shape of the apical, lateral and basal surfaces of epithelial cells. Intercellular connections. Structure and function of connective tissue cells. Structure, synthesis and properties of the intercellular matrix of connective tissue. Structure and classification of nerve and glial cells. Synapses. Sheaths of nerve fibers. Structure and histophysiology of the skin and its products (skin glands, hair, feathers, hooves) in mammals and birds. Microscopic and submicroscopic structure and histophysiology of the organs of the vascular, lymphatic, digestive, endocrine, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems in mammals and birds.
Microscopic image of epithelial tissues, connective tissues and blood. The process of ossification and bone growth. The submicroscopic structure of blood cells and their role. The process of hemopoiesis. Structure and histophysiology of muscle tissue. Microscopic image of nervous tissue and selected structures of the nervous system. Microscopic image of the skin and its products, the organs of the circulatory, lymphatic, digestive, respiratory, endocrine, reproductive and urinary systems in mammals and birds. The course and regulation of the processes of fertilization, cleavage, blastulation and gastrulation. Organogenesis. Fetal membranes in birds and mammals. Construction and classification of bearings.
The subject comprises 105 hours (35 hours of lectures and 70 hours of classes) during the first and second semesters of the veterinary course. It ends with an exam, which takes place in the summer session and consists of a practical and a theoretical part. Classes take place in room no. 103, block 105.
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